樂，學中文、教中文。/Enjoy learning &Teaching Chinese

文／Alina Tugend

http://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/316288/web/

來源: 聯合電子報紐時精選周報

譯／田思怡

Rachel Ginsberg is a clinical psychologist at the NewYork-Presbyterian Youth Anxiety Center, a research and clinical program that brings together experts from NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medicine. She is part of its Launching Emerging Adults Program aimed at teenagers and young adults.

Ginsberg works with clients on lack of emotional readiness and academic and “adulting” skills, as well as on social anxiety — issues that can become more apparent in college and can lead to students’ lives’ unraveling.

瑞秋．金斯伯格是紐約長老會青年焦慮防治中心的臨床心理師，該中心是聚集紐約長老會醫院、哥倫比亞大學醫學中心和康乃爾大學威爾醫學院的專家的一項研究和臨床計畫。她參與了鎖定青少年與年輕成年人的「啟動初顯期成年人計畫」。

金斯伯格的輔導對象欠缺情感上的準備，以及學術和「步入成年」的技能，此外還有社交焦慮問題——這些問題在大學會更顯著，導致學生生活脫離正軌。

So how can a person develop these skills? Below is a list of “exposure tasks” to help students develop strategies for coping with possible challenges and “assertively get their needs met, or manage circumstances that do not go the way that they wished,” Ginsberg said.

Some of these tasks may seem oddly fundamental, and they aren’t all relevant to everyone. For example, Ginsberg may ask a perfectionist to turn in an imperfect assignment, she said, “so that they learn to tolerate the anxiety — that it was not so bad after all, that the outcome does not define them and that the incident did not propel catastrophic consequences, as they might have predicted.

那麼，一個人該如何發展這些技能？金斯伯格說，以下是「暴露治療練習」單，可以幫助學生發展因應可能挑戰的策略，並「堅定地達到他們的需求，或處理沒有按照他們的期望發展的情勢」。

其中一些練習也許非常基本，也不是樣樣練習都和每個人相干。例如，金斯伯格也許會要求一個完美主義者交出一份有瑕疵的作業，她說，「這樣讓他們學會容忍焦慮—─事情其實沒有那麼糟，這個結果不會界定他們是什麼樣的人，這件事不會像他們預期般產生災難性的後果。」

For people wary of speaking to classmates or professors for fear of being embarrassed or judged as stupid, she might suggest that they place an order at a restaurant and then change it.

Emotional Readiness Challenges :

1.dentify what you’re feeling and communicate it to others. 2.Delay gratification and complete a less preferred task first. 3. Practice“making room”for imperfection by turning in an imperfect assignment. 4.Email your teacher or professor to clarify something on your own. 5.Raise your hand in class and, when called on, start your sentence with “I’m having trouble understanding. …” 6.Order food and then change your order. 7.Approach a group of similar-age peers and ask them a question.

對於擔心與同學或教授交談，恐怕會很丟臉或被認為是笨蛋的人，她也許會建議在餐館點一個菜，然後改變自己的選擇。

情感準備挑戰：

1.認清你的感受，並向他人傳達。2.延後成就感，先完成自己沒那麼喜歡的練習。3.交出不完美的作業，練習為不完美「留空間」。4.寫電郵給老師或教授，澄清一些你自己的事。5.上課時舉手，被叫到時，先說「我不太能夠理解…」。6.在餐館點菜，然後改變自己的選擇。7.走向一群年齡相仿的人，問他們一個問題。

Academic Readiness Challenges :

1.Adhere to a schedule consistently.  2. Ask for help with or clarification on an assignment or test material.  3.Walk into a class that’s already begun, rather than skipping it because you were running late.  4.Speak to your teacher or professor after class.  5.Make a phone call and ask basic (including “obvious” or “awkward”) questions.  6.Call and make your own doctor and dentist appointments.

學術準備挑戰：

1.持續遵守一項計畫表。2.針對一份作業或考試內容請求幫助或說明。3.走進已經開始上課的教室，不要因為遲到而曠課。4.課後與你的老師或教授交談。5.打電話問一個基本的（包括「淺顯的」或「尷尬的」）問題。6.自己打電話給醫生和牙醫約診。

Daily Functioning ‘Adulting’ Challenges :

1.Make your bed daily.  2.Clean your room on your own.  3.Regulate your sleep by sleeping 7 to 8 hours a night, and going to bed and waking up at decent hours.  4.Cook three basic meals. (Eggs, cereal and pasta don’t count.)  5.Return something to a store.  6.Get up on your own with an alarm.  7.Know the basics of finance (paying bills, writing checks and so on).

日常生活的「轉大人」挑戰：

1.每天自己鋪床。2.自己打掃房間。3.保持規律的睡眠，每晚睡七到八小時，早睡早起。4.做三頓便飯。（雞蛋、穀片和義大利麵不算。）5.把某件商品退給商店。6.靠鬧鐘自己起床。7.學會基本的理財（付帳單、開支票等等）。